Fuel Planning In Depth

Understanding minimum fuel requirements, contingency, tankering and how to read fuel figures.

Fuel Planning In Depth

Fuel Planning

Proper fuel planning is one of the most critical aspects of flight dispatch. Running out of fuel is the one emergency from which there is no recovery. This guide explains the fuel figures on your OFP and how they are calculated.

Regulatory Fuel Requirements

Every commercial flight must carry minimum fuel as required by aviation regulations. The standard ICAO fuel scheme is:

ComponentPurposeHow Calculated
Taxi FuelEngine start, taxi to runway, and taxi after landingBased on APU/engine idle consumption, typically 10-30 min worth
Trip FuelFuel from takeoff to landing at destinationCalculated by SimBrief based on route, weather, aircraft weight, and flight level
ContingencyUnexpected situations (deviations, winds different than forecast)5% of trip fuel (minimum) or 5 minutes holding, whichever is greater
Alternate FuelFly from destination to designated alternate airportCalculated based on alternate distance and expected landing weight
Final Reserve30 minutes holding at 1,500ft above alternate elevationBased on holding fuel flow at expected weight
Additional FuelCaptain’s discretion for known risksAdded when weather is marginal, ATC delays expected, etc.

Block Fuel

The block fuel is the total fuel loaded into the aircraft before departure:

Block Fuel = Taxi + Trip + Contingency + Alternate + Final Reserve + Additional + Extra

This is the number you should set in your simulator’s fuel loading screen.

Reading Your OFP Fuel Section

A typical fuel section looks like:

FUEL SUMMARY (KGS)
————————————
TRIP         12,450
CONTINGENCY     623 (5.0%)
ALTERNATE     1,890
FINAL RESERVE   1,200
ADDITIONAL        0
————————————
MIN FUEL      16,163
EXTRA           500
TAXI            400
————————————
BLOCK FUEL    17,063

Fuel Monitoring During Flight

Good airmanship includes monitoring your fuel burn during the flight:

  • At top of climb — Compare actual fuel remaining with the OFP’s planned fuel at cruise altitude
  • Every 30-60 minutes — Check fuel remaining against waypoint fuel figures in the OFP
  • At top of descent — Verify you have enough fuel for approach, potential go-around, and diversion

If your actual fuel burn is significantly higher than planned (e.g., due to unexpected headwinds), consider requesting a more favourable flight level from ATC.

Units

Fuel can be expressed in different units depending on airline preference and aircraft type:

Kilograms (kg)Most common worldwide; used by most Airbus and Boeing operators
Pounds (lbs)Common in North America; 1 kg = 2.205 lbs
US GallonsUsed for some GA and regional aircraft; varies by fuel density

JetStream Virtual displays fuel in the unit configured in your profile settings. The OFP always shows fuel in the unit set for the airline.